The increasing importance of essential oils as pharmaceutical and aromatherapy assist besides their traditional role in cosmetics, not only as a potent ingredient but also as a fragrance donor.
Moreover, it has opened up world wide opportunities for global marketing. As far as our literature survey could ascertain, the selected plant essential oils from M. The purpose of this study was to evaluate essential oil of Murraya koenigii leaves as a new potential source of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds.
Materials and Methods Isolation of the essential oil The fresh leaves of M. The columns were 30 m x 0. Antibacterial activity In the recent years due to an upsurge inantibiotic-resistant infections, the search for novel bioactive compounds to fight infections is an absolute necessity and in this regard, plant essential oils may offer a great potential and hope.
In this study, the essential oil was tested against ten bacteria, including Gram positive and gram-negative. A sterile 5-mm diameter filter paper disk Whatman paper no. A negative control was also included in the test using a filter paper disk 5mm size saturated with DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide to check possible activity of this solvent against the bacteria assayed.
The antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the zone of growth inhibition size in mm surrounding the disks. Each experiment was carried out in triplicate. Antioxidant profile of essential oil Scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical DPPH The radical scavenging capacity was determined according to the method described by Mensor et al.
The samples were kept at room temperature in the dark and after 30 min the optic density was measured at nm. The optic density of the samples, the control and the empty samples were measured in comparison with ethanol. Detection of hydroxyl radicals by deoxyribose assay The assay was performed as described elsewhere Halliwell et al. All solutions were freshly prepared. After cooling, the absorbance was measured at nm against a blank containing only buffer and deoxyribose. Quercetin was used as a positive control.
Assay of Superoxide Radical Anion Superoxide anions were generated in an enzymatic system xanthine-xanthine oxidase and assayed by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium.
The mixture was homogenized for 5 min according to Yen et al. The antioxidant was added at the final concentrations of 0, 0. Khan et al. Biswas et al. Aqueous extract obtained from curry leaves could be explored as a natural antioxidant in poultry meat and meat products Devatkal et al. Frozen turkey and spent hen meat were minced separately using Hobart Mincer Model No.
Cereals required for the experiments [rice Oryza sativa , oats Avena sativa and corn Zea mays were purchased from local market in the fresh form, washed, dried, powdered and stored in PET polyethylene terephthelate jars. Herbs curry leaves Murraya koenigii , also purchased from local market in the fresh form, washed and ground before use.
The ingredients were ground mechanically and sieved through a fine mesh screen. The powders so obtained were mixed in suitable proportion to obtain a spice mix for functional poultry meat finger sticks. Condiments paste was prepared by blending onion and ginger in the ratio N50G and after extrusion, cooked in microwave oven following the procedure explained in Fig.
Parameters like 2-TBARS value, free fatty acid value, peroxide value and microbiological studies were conducted on 0th, 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day of storage. Table 1: Composition of functional poultry meat finger sticks Fig. Absorbance O. TBA value was calculated as mg malonaldehyde per kg of sample by multiplying O. Free Fatty Acids FFA : Five gram of sample was blended into fine powder using anhydrous sodium sulphate and then mixed with 30 mL of chloroform for 2 min.
The slurry was filtered through Whatman filter paper No. About 2 or 3 drops of 0. The quantity of potassium hydroxide required for titration was recorded and calculated as follows: Peroxide Value PV : Five gram sample was blended with 30 mL chloroform for 2 min in the presence of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
The mixture was filtered through Whatman filter paper No. Flask contents were titrated immediately against 0. Serial tenfold dilution was made in pre-sterilized tubes containing 0. The sample preparation and plating were carried out under Class II biosafety cabinet. Two samples from each group were processed for microbiological analysis. Standard plate count, total coliform count, Staphylococcus spp. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant necessitates a comprehensive review of its prospects as an important therapeutic agent for the management of numerous diseases commonly affecting humans.
The current review provides a detailed report of the phytochemical, pharmacological, clinical and pre-clinical works carried out on this culinary plant and also throws light on its therapeutic prospects.
Curry leaf Murraya koenigii or Cure leaf: Review of its curative properties. Traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda, Unani, and Chinese are based upon plants. Even some important drugs used presently have been derived from plants. Saturation of conventional forms of drug discovery has led to a route where the science of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacognosy has been used as a guide to different sources and classes of compounds for the search of new molecules. It is in this context that the flora of the tropics by virtue of its diversity has a significant role to play in being able to provide new leads.
The ethnomedicinal plant Murrya koenigii Curry-leaf tree which is native to India exhibits diverse biological activities. Murrya koenigii has been used for centuries in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The present review gives a detailed description of the pharmacological works carried out on this medicinal herb and also throws light on its therapeutic potential for the treatment and management of various ailments frequently affecting humans.
Phytochemistry The leaves of Murrya koenigii contain proteins, carbohydrate, fiber, minerals, carotene, nicotinic acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, calcium and oxalic acid. It also contains crystalline glycosides, carbazole alkaloids, koenigin, girinimbin, iso-mahanimbin, koenine, koenidine and koenimbine.
Triterpenoid alkaloids cyclomahanimbine, tetrahydromahanimbine are also present in the leaves. Murrayastine, murrayaline, pyrayafoline carbazole alkaloids and many other chemicals have been isolated from Murrya koenigii leaves. Bark contains carbazole alkaloids like murrayacine, murrayazolidine, murrayazoline, mahanimbine, girinimbine, koenioline and xynthyletin.
The pulp of fruits generally contain The pulp of fruit also contains trace amounts of minerals, 1. Leaves of Murrya koenigii constitute on important ingredient in the Indian diet to improve appetite and digestion. Murrya koenigii is being used as stimulant, antidysentric and for the management of diabetes mellitus. The leaves root and bark possess tonic, stomachic and carminatives properties.
Antiemetic property too is seen in the leaves. Purgative properties have been demonstrated in the stem distillate of the leaves. External applications of the leaves have been beneficial in bruises, eruption, and to treat bites of poisonous animals. The leaves being bitter, acrid and cooling have been shown to have cooling, anthelmintic and analgesic action. It is known to cure piles, reduce body heat, thirst, inflammation and itching.
Even leucoderma and blood disorders have been controlled.
Yorisar
Hence, results suggest the possible benefit of Murrya koenigii in alleviating conditions associated with inflammatory pain. It give idea about the nature of the chemical constituents present in a crude drug. References Adebajo, A.
Yozshusar
The decoction was poured into 10 stoppered test tubes height 16 cm, diameter 16 mm in successive portions of 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml up to 10 ml and the volume of liquid in each test tube was adjusted to10 ml with water. In the recent decades, there has been increasing interest in the use of plant antioxidants for scientific research as well as industrials purpose. The specimens were cast into paraffin blocks9,
Sakasa
The fracture of bark is splintery. Geneva: WHO Library; The insoluble matter was collected on an ash less filter paper, washed with hot water and ignited to constant weight at allow temperature.
Kigagor
The antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the zone of growth inhibition size in mm surrounding the disks. The test tubes were allowed to stand for 15 minutes and the height of the foam was measured. The outer surface is smooth, soft and glabrous.
Taukus
Evaporated 25 ml of alcoholic extract to dryness in a tared dish and weighed it. The objective of ashing vegetable drugs is to remove all traces of organic matter, which may otherwise interfere in an analytical determination.
Faelar
Khan et al. It is used as an analgesic, febrifuge, stomachic, carminative and for the treatment of dysentery skin eruption. In studies conducted by Mani et al. This plant is known to be the richest source of carbazole alkaloids. Elements of Botanical Microtechnique. Aswathi , A.
Zulujas
Specific plate count also showed a significantly lower value in treatment group than in control. The samples were kept at room temperature in the dark and after 30 min the optic density was measured at nm. Murrya koenigii extracts also reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine 0. Conclusion: The oil has a maximum zone of inhibition ability against Corynebacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes. Serial tenfold dilution was made in pre-sterilized tubes containing 0. Akindahunsi, N.
Zur
The increasing importance of essential oils as pharmaceutical and aromatherapy assist besides their traditional role in cosmetics, not only as a potent ingredient but also as a fragrance donor.
Ditaxe
External application of the leaves of Murrya koenigii has been beneficial. India in the month of Fab and were identified by, Mr. How to cite this article: P. The plant was morphologically examined for shape of leaves, apex, base, margin etc. It is known to cure piles, reduce body heat, thirst, inflammation and itching.
Mikarn
Suspected carcinogenic potential of synthetic food additives Chen et al. But, control product was showing significantly higher values than treatment on all days of study Table 3.
Fegore
Specific plate count also showed a significantly lower value in treatment group than in control. Antibacterial activity In the recent years due to an upsurge inantibiotic-resistant infections, the search for novel bioactive compounds to fight infections is an absolute necessity and in this regard, plant essential oils may offer a great potential and hope. Antioxidant potential of herbs and spices are comparable to synthetic antioxidants Alok et al.
Tojataxe
The sorted foreign matter was weighed. It is found almost everywhere in the Indian subcontinent, it shares aromatic nature, more or less deciduous shrub or tree up to 6 m in height and cm in diameter with short trunk, thin smooth grey or brown bark and dense shady crown5. The mature stem of Murraya koenigii are dark brown unpeeled and Cremish brown peeled in color and characteristic taste. N50G and after extrusion, cooked in microwave oven following the procedure explained in Fig. Magnifications of the figures are indicated by the scale bars